Abstract: Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC) have made a remarkable influence on science, technology and medicine by providing an available source of human cells for basic research and clinical applications. The aim of this article was to review the recent research progresses of iPSC in treating ocular diseases, especially in the treaments of retina and optic nerve diseases. Here we mainly reviewed the current literatures on the cell replacement therapy of retina and optic nerve diseases based on iPSC induction and differentiation technology, including retinal pigment epithelium, photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cells. The security and the existing problems of iPSC technology have also been discussed. Plenty of significant advancements have been made using different methods and protocols to differentiate iPSC into target retinal cells and transplant cells into animal model with untreatable retinal diseases. However, many challenges remained in the road from iPSC research to clinical application.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38:  346-351)